Honoring and learning about the first residents of the land of our communities
Long before the state of Connecticut was created and towns like Hebron, Marlborough, Andover and Columbia were ‘founded,’ diverse Indigenous communities called the land home. They raised families, worked the soil, traded goods with others, and established cultures rich in political, artistic, spiritual, and environmental legacies that continue today.
Despite war, enslavement, and prejudice, Native people have remained active agents in their own and state history. The state-recognized sovereign nations in Connecticut are the Golden Hill Paugussett, Mashantucket Pequot, Mohegan, Paucatuck Eastern Pequot, and Schaghticoke tribes, with the Mashantucket Pequot and Mohegan having federal recognition as well.
It is important to understand the histories and cultures of the Indigenous people who lived here before us and who thrive here today.
CoDE believes that acknowledging and honoring the first stewards and residents of the land on which our communities now exist is important. Land is sacred. It allows us as humans to live, thrive and connect with each other. It shapes our identity. Honoring the indigenous people who came before us is one step to understanding the true history of our communities (the towns did not begin the date they were incorporated) and the debt we owe to members of the First Nation. It is also a pathway to forging a deeper relationship with members and descendants of the tribes that first lived in the communities we now call home.
Hebron was formerly territory of Mohegan and Wangunk tribes.
Marlborough was formerly territory of the Wangunks.
Andover was formerly territory of Mohegans and Wangunks.
Columbia was formerly territory of the Mohegans.
If you live in another town, you can find the name of the tribes who lived there first, by visiting: https://native-land.ca/
CoDE suggests:
1. Reading a Land Acknowledgement Statement at the beginning of any event or gathering held in your community. It could be something like this:
We would like to begin by acknowledging that the land on which we gather is the territory of the ________________________ Peoples, who have stewarded this land throughout the generations. We thank them for their strength and resilience in protecting this land and aspire to uphold our responsibilities according to their example.
2. Learning and understanding the history, customs, culture, and contributions of the Indigenous People who first stewarded the land on which you live. This journey could begin by using the sources of information below.
3. Exploring how you can build a relationship with the members of and descendants of the peoples who lived on land you now call home.
“When we talk about land, land is part of who we are. It’s a mixture of our blood, our past, our current, and our future. We carry our ancestors in us, and they’re around us. As you all do.” ─ Mary Lyons (Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe)
For more information about the Indigenous peoples and tribes that existed and still thrive in Eastern Connecticut:
https://www.mptn-nsn.gov/default.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangunk
For more information about Land Acknowledgement:
https://nativegov.org/resources/a-guide-to-indigenous-land-acknowledgment/
Sources:
Trumbull, Benjamin 1818. A Complete History of Connecticut: Civil and Ecclesiastical, from the Emigration of Its First Planters, from England, in the Year 1630, to the Year 1764; and to the Close of the Indian Wars, Volume 1. Maltry, Goldsmith & Co. and Samuel Wadsworth: New Haven (archive.org)
Indigenous Peoples' Day
This Day celebrates and honors indigenous American peoples and commemorates their histories and cultures. It is a day to recognize and understand the historical truths about the centuries of genocide and oppression of indigenous peoples in the Americas, organize against injustices still seen today, and celebrate the lives and traditions of Native Americans.
It is celebrated across the US on the second Monday in October and is an official holiday in various cities and states. This year Indigenous Peoples’ Day was Monday, October 9, 2023.
Some background:
Indigenous Peoples’ Day was instituted in Berkeley, California, in 1992, to coincide with the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Columbus in the Americas. Christopher Columbus has been celebrated in October since the holiday was federally established in 1937. The day has been used by Italian Americans to celebrate their heritage in the United States, but recently opposition has grown. Critics of the holiday have said Columbus Day represents the brutal subjugation of native people and have called on communities to celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day instead. In 2021, President Joe Biden formally commemorated the holiday with a presidential proclamation, which he also did in 2022 and 2023. Read the 2023 Indigenous Peoples’ Day Proclamation here.
Over a dozen states and more than 130 local governments have chosen to not celebrate Columbus Day altogether or replace it with Indigenous Peoples’ Day. Many states celebrate both.
For more about the history of Indigenous Peoples’ Day, https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/informational/columbus-day-myths
https://www.history.com/news/indigenous-peoples-day-history
Several towns and cities around Connecticut have officially changed the name of the holiday to Indigenous Peoples’ Day. West Hartford Public Schools changed the name to Indigenous Peoples’ Day in 2018, following a campaign spearheaded by residents and student representatives to the Board of Education. Bridgeport schools did the same in 2015. In New Haven, Mayor Toni Harp proclaimed Oct. 13, 2014 to be Indigenous Peoples’ Day.
In our area, at least a few cities and towns celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day:
In New London, city leaders decided to change Columbus Day to Italian Heritage Day. The month of October is dedicated to Italian heritage and the month of November is focused on indigenous peoples. New London is also one of several communities across Connecticut that removed statues of Columbus following protests.
The Town of Mansfield redesignated the second Monday in October to be Indigenous Peoples’ Day. As Town Council’s Proclamation states, “our community is committed to encourage understanding and appreciation of Indigenous Peoples, their traditions, cultures and our shared history on these ancestral lands.” Read the Town Council’s full Proclamation from January 25, 2021.
Native American Heritage Month
November is nationally recognized as Native American Heritage Month, a time to celebrate the rich ancestry and culture of Indigenous Peoples.
We’re fortunate here in Eastern CT to have places to visit to learn more about and celebrate Indigenous culture. See below.
Opportunities to Learn
The Mashantucket Pequot Museum, which is tribally owned and operated, and located in Mashantucket, highlights the history and culture of the Mashantucket Pequot Nation, other Native Americans in the northeast, and the region’s rich natural history. Programs and special event for individuals, families, and students are held throughout the year.
The Tantaquidgeon Museum, located in Uncasville, is the oldest Native-owned museum in the country.
This museum’s mission is to share the Mohegan culture with the community and visitors that wish to experience and learn about the history of the Mohegan people from the Mohegan perspective.
Nowashe Village, located in South Windsor, is an outdoor museum showcasing the history and way of life of local indigenous people, operated by the Friends of Wood Memorial Library & Museum.
Tours and special events are available throughout the year.
The Institute for American Indian Studies, located on 15 wooded acres in Washington, CT, is a museum, education, and research center.
It features a replicated Algonkian village with a chief’s longhouse, healing plants garden, nature trails, and the 10,000-year story of Connecticut’s native population.
The Old Mystic History Center (formerly the Indian & Colonial Research Center), located in Mystic, is a museum, library, research center, and historical society, highlighting Native American and Colonial history back to the 1637 Pequot War and other Americana based on the collections of Eva Lutz Butler.
The Connecticut Archaeology Center, part of the CT Museum of Natural History located on UConn’s Storrs campus, houses a variety of Native American collections. The Norris Bull Collection, for example, includes a 12-foot dugout canoe fashioned from an American Chestnut tree.
Special Events
Learn about the Wangunk Tribe
Local tribal historian and Wangunk elder Gary O’Neil will talk about the Wangunk tribe at the Russell Library in Middletown on Monday, November 20 at 6 pm. Gary will speak about the history of his people, the Wangunk, who lived in Middletown and the surrounding areas up until the early 1800’s. Gary is a direct descendant of the Jonathan Palmer line of the Wangunk.
Register at https://russelllibrary.libcal.com/event/11044146
Questions? Briana Gagnon, bgagnon@russelllibrary.org
Portland Library is hosting two events on Native American history.
Quinnetukut: Our Homeland, Our History
Tuesday, November 14, 6pm by Zoom
Much of what we learn about Connecticut’s past comes from a colonized perspective that has almost completely left out the voices of Indigenous people who have called this land home for over 12,000 years. The ways in which knowledge about the past is preserved and passed down in different cultures affects the way that history is perceived. In this presentation, led by Education Director Darlene Kascak, Schaghticoke Tribal Nation, participants will get a more complete and accurate view of the history of Connecticut that takes the perspectives of Native people into account.
Registration Required
Etuaptmumk: Two-Eyed Seeing in Our Daily Lives
Tuesday, November 28, 6pm by Zoom
Etuaptmumk is a Mi’kmaw saying that translates to “Two-Eyed Seeing.” This concept refers to learning how to see the strengths of Indigenous knowledge from one eye and the strengths of Western knowledge from the other.
Two-Eyed Seeing can lead to powerful transcultural and collaborative work to leave the world a better place for future generations. Join IAIS Education Director and
Traditional Storyteller Darlene Kascak, Schaghticoke Tribal Nation, and IAIS Educator and ecologist Susan Scherf to discuss how people can include this “Two-Eyed Seeing” concept in their daily lives.
In addition to permanent exhibits, there are events throughout the year such as Pow Wows. The Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation hosts, Schemitzun: Feast of Green Corn and Dance, a two-day festival held at the Mashantucket Pequot Cultural Grounds in August.
This family-friendly celebration “ushers in the harvest season and give thanks to the Creator for our rich heritage while honoring our ancestors, warriors, veterans, and Elders.” Schemitzun features traditional and contemporary tribal dance exhibitions, drum and live music, and Native American-made crafts.
A 17th century Eastern Woodland Village exhibit offers demonstrations of traditional Pequot cultural practices—including fire-pit cooking, wampum and fish net making, loom beadwork and basketry.
Native American cuisine prepared by New England Native chefs is available, including traditionally prepared chowders, local fish, wild game, and seasonal fruit beverages, as well as contemporary fare such as Indian tacos, burgers, fry bread, and unique desserts.
Books by and about Indigenous Peoples
For books by and about Native Americans, check out these lists:
Social Justice Books – American Indians/Indigenous Peoples/Native Nations
Books – First Nation Development Institute